2023년 9월 고1 모의고사 영어
[31~34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
31. Many people are terrified to fly in airplanes. Often, this fear stems from a lack of control. The pilot is in control, not the passengers, and this lack of control instills fear. Many potential passengers are so afraid they choose to drive great distances to get to a destination instead of flying. But their decision to drive is based solely on emotion, not logic. Logic says that statistically, the odds of dying in a car crash are around 1 in 5,000, while the odds of dying in a plane crash are closer to 1 in 11 million. If you’re going to take a risk, especially one that could possibly involve your wellbeing, wouldn’t you want the odds in your favor? However, most people choose the option that will cause them the least amount of ____________________. Pay attention to the thoughts you have about taking the risk and make sure you’re basing your decision on facts, not just feelings.
*instill: 스며들게 하다
① anxiety
② boredom
③ confidence
④ satisfaction
⑤ responsibility
31 ①
32. The famous primatologist Frans de Waal, of Emory University, says humans downplay similarities between us and other animals as a way of maintaining our spot at the top of our imaginary ladder. Scientists, de Waal points out, can be some of the worst offenders — employing technical language to ________________________. They call “kissing” in chimps “mouthtomouth contact”; they call “friends” between primates “favorite affiliation partners”; they interpret evidence showing that crows and chimps can make tools as being somehow qualitatively different from the kind of toolmaking said to define humanity. If an animal can beat us at a cognitive task — like how certain bird species can remember the precise locations of thousands of seeds — they write it off as instinct, not intelligence. This and so many more tricks of language are what de Waal has termed “linguistic castration.” The way we use our tongues to disempower animals, the way we invent words to maintain our spot at the top. [3점]
*primatologist: 영장류학자
**affiliation: 제휴
① define human instincts
② overestimate chimps’ intelligence
③ distance the other animals from us
④ identify animals’ negative emotions
⑤ correct our misconceptions about nature
32 ③
33. A key to engagement and achievement is providing students with _______________________. My scholarly work and my teaching have been deeply influenced by the work of Rosalie Fink. She interviewed twelve adults who were highly successful in their work, including a physicist, a biochemist, and a company CEO. All of them had dyslexia and had had significant problems with reading throughout their school years. While she expected to find that they had avoided reading and discovered ways to bypass it or compensate with other strategies for learning, she found the opposite. “To my surprise, I found that these dyslexics were enthusiastic readers...they rarely avoided reading. On the contrary, they sought out books.” The pattern Fink discovered was that all of her subjects had been passionate in some personal interest. The areas of interest included religion, math, business, science, history, and biography. What mattered was that they read voraciously to find out more.
*dyslexia: 난독증
**voraciously: 탐욕스럽게
① examples from official textbooks
② relevant texts they will be interested in
③ enough chances to exchange information
④ different genres for different age groups
⑤ early reading experience to develop logic skills
33 ②
34. For many people, ability refers to intellectual competence, so they want everything they do to reflect how smart they are — writing a brilliant legal brief, getting the highest grade on a test, writing elegant computer code, saying something exceptionally wise or witty in a conversation. You could also define ability in terms of a particular skill or talent, such as how well one plays the piano, learns a language, or serves a tennis ball. Some people focus on their ability to be attractive, entertaining, up on the latest trends, or to have the newest gadgets. However ability may be defined, a problem occurs when _________________________. The performance becomes the only measure of the person; nothing else is taken into account. An outstanding performance means an outstanding person; an average performance means an average person. Period. [3점]
① it is the sole determinant of one’s selfworth
② you are distracted by others’ achievements
③ there is too much competition in one field
④ you ignore feedback about a performance
⑤ it is not accompanied by effort
34 ①
35. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은? [3점]
Sensory nerves have specialized endings in the tissues that pick up a particular sensation. If, for example, you step on a sharp object such as a pin, nerve endings in the skin will transmit the pain sensation up your leg, up and along the spinal cord to the brain. ① While the pain itself is unpleasant, it is in fact acting as a protective mechanism for the foot. ② That is, you get used to the pain so the capacity with which you can avoid pain decreases. ③ Within the brain, nerves will connect to the area that controls speech, so that you may well shout ‘ouch’ or something rather less polite. ④ They will also connect to motor nerves that travel back down the spinal cord, and to the muscles in your leg that now contract quickly to lift your foot away from the painful object. ⑤ Sensory and motor nerves control almost all functions in the body — from the beating of the heart to the movement of the gut, sweating and just about everything else.
*spinal cord: 척수
**gut: 장
35 ②
[36~37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
36. Maybe you’ve heard this joke: “How do you eat an elephant?” The answer is “one bite at a time.”
(A) Common crystal habits include squares, triangles, and sixsided hexagons. Usually crystals form when liquids cool, such as when you create ice cubes. Many times, crystals form in ways that do not allow for perfect shapes. If conditions are too cold, too hot, or there isn’t enough source material, they can form strange, twisted shapes.
(B) So, how do you “build” the Earth? That’s simple, too: one atom at a time. Atoms are the basic building blocks of crystals, and since all rocks are made up of crystals, the more you know about atoms, the better. Crystals come in a variety of shapes that scientists call habits.
(C) But when conditions are right, we see beautiful displays. Usually, this involves a slow, steady environment where the individual atoms have plenty of time to join and fit perfectly into what’s known as the crystal lattice. This is the basic structure of atoms that is seen time after time. [3점]
① (A) - (C) - (B)
② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
36 ②
37. When you pluck a guitar string it moves back and forth hundreds of times every second.
(A) The vibration of the wood creates more powerful waves in the air pressure, which travel away from the guitar. When the waves reach your eardrums they flex in and out the same number of times a second as the original string.
(B) Naturally, this movement is so fast that you cannot see it — you just see the blurred outline of the moving string. Strings vibrating in this way on their own make hardly any noise because strings are very thin and don’t push much air about.
(C) But if you attach a string to a big hollow box (like a guitar body), then the vibration is amplified and the note is heard loud and clear. The vibration of the string is passed on to the wooden panels of the guitar body, which vibrate back and forth at the same rate as the string.
*pluck: (현악기를) 뜯다
**amplify: 증폭시키다
① (A) - (C) - (B)
② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
37 ③
[38~39] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
38.
Other individuals prefer integrating work and family roles all day long.
Boundaries between work and home are blurring as portable digital technology makes it increasingly possible to work anywhere, anytime. Individuals differ in how they like to manage their time to meet work and outside responsibilities. ( ① ) Some people prefer to separate or segment roles so that boundary crossings are minimized. ( ② ) For example, these people might keep separate email accounts for work and family and try to conduct work at the workplace and take care of family matters only during breaks and nonwork time. ( ③ ) We’ve even noticed more of these “segmenters” carrying two phones ― one for work and one for personal use. ( ④ ) Flexible schedules work well for these individuals because they enable greater distinction between time at work and time in other roles. ( ⑤ ) This might entail constantly trading text messsages with children from the office, or monitoring emails at home and on vacation, rather than returning to work to find hundreds of messages in their inbox. [3점]
*entail: 수반하다
38 ⑤
39. However, do not assume that a product is perfectly complementary, as customers may not be completely locked in to the product.
A “complementary good” is a product that is often consumed alongside another product. ( ① ) For example, popcorn is a complementary good to a movie, while a travel pillow is a complementary good for a long plane journey. ( ② ) When the popularity of one product increases, the sales of its complementary good also increase. ( ③ ) By producing goods that complement other products that are already (or about to be) popular, you can ensure a steady stream of demand for your product. ( ④ ) Some products enjoy perfect complementary status — they have to be consumed together, such as a lamp and a lightbulb. ( ⑤ ) For example, although motorists may seem required to purchase gasoline to run their cars, they can switch to electric cars.
39 ⑤
40. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
It’s not news to anyone that we judge others based on their clothes. In general, studies that investigate these judgments find that people prefer clothing that matches expectations — surgeons in scrubs, little boys in blue — with one notable exception. A series of studies published in an article in June 2014 in the Journal of Consumer Research explored observers’ reactions to people who broke established norms only slightly. In one scenario, a man at a blacktie affair was viewed as having higher status and competence when wearing a red bow tie. The researchers also found that valuing uniqueness increased audience members’ ratings of the status and competence of a professor who wore red sneakers while giving a lecture. The results suggest that people judge these slight deviations from the norm as positive because they suggest that the individual is powerful enough to risk the social costs of such behaviors.
A series of studies show that people view an individual (A) when the individual only slightly (B) the norm for what people should wear.
(A) …… (B)
① positively …… challenges
② negatively …… challenges
③ indifferently …… neglects
④ negatively …… meets
⑤ positively …… meets
40 ①
[41~42] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.
Claims that local food production cut greenhouse gas emissions by reducing the burning of transportation fuel are usually not well founded. Transport is the source of only 11 percent of greenhouse gas emissions within the food sector, so reducing the distance that food travels after it leaves the farm is far (a)less important than reducing wasteful energy use on the farm. Food coming from a distance can actually be better for the (b)climate, depending on how it was grown. For example, fieldgrown tomatoes shipped from Mexico in the winter months will have a smaller carbon footprint than (c)local winter tomatoes grown in a greenhouse. In the United Kingdom, lamb meat that travels 11,000 miles from New Zealand generates only onequarter the carbon emissions per pound compared to British lamb because farmers in the United Kingdom raise their animals on feed (which must be produced using fossil fuels) rather than on clover pastureland. When food does travel, what matters most is not the (d)distance traveled but the travel mode (surface versus air), and most of all the load size. Bulk loads of food can travel halfway around the world by ocean freight with a smaller carbon footprint, per pound delivered, than foods traveling just a short distance but in much (e)larger loads. For example, 18wheelers carry much larger loads than pickup trucks so they can move food 100 times as far while burning only onethird as much gas per pound of food delivered.
*freight: 화물 운송
41. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
① Shorten the Route, Cut the Cost
② Is Local Food Always Better for the Earth?
③ Why Mass Production Ruins the Environment
④ New Technologies: What Matters in Agriculture
⑤ Reduce Food Waste for a Smaller Carbon Footprint
42. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
41 ② 42 ⑤
[43~45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.
(A) Long ago, an old man built a grand temple at the center of his village. People traveled to worship at the temple. So the old man made arrangements for food and accommodation inside the temple itself. He needed someone who could look after the temple, so (a)he put up a notice: Manager needed.
(B) When that young man left the temple, the old man called him and asked, “Will you take care of this temple?” The young man was surprised by the offer and replied, “I have no experience caring for a temple. I’m not even educated.” The old man smiled and said, “I don’t want any educated man. I want a qualified person.” Confused, the young man asked, “But why do (b)you consider me a qualified person?”
(C) The old man replied, “I buried a brick on the path to the temple. I watched for many days as people tripped over that brick. No one thought to remove it. But you dug up that brick.” The young man said, “I haven’t done anything great. It’s the duty of every human being to think about others. (c)I only did my duty.” The old man smiled and said, “Only people who know their duty and perform it are qualified people.”
(D) Seeing the notice, many people went to the old man. But he returned all the applicants after interviews, telling them, “I need a qualified person for this work.” The old man would sit on the roof of (d)his house every morning, watching people go through the temple doors. One day, (e)he saw a young man come to the temple.
43. 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?
① (B) - (D) - (C)
② (C) - (B) - (D)
③ (C) - (D) - (B)
④ (D) - (B) - (C)
⑤ (D) - (C) - (B)
44. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
45. 윗글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
① 노인은 마을 중심부에 사원을 지었다.
② 젊은이가 사원을 나설 때 노인이 그를 불렀다.
③ 젊은이는 노인의 제안에 놀랐다.
④ 노인은 사원으로 통하는 길에 묻혀있던 벽돌을 파냈다.
⑤ 공고를 보고 많은 사람들이 노인을 찾아갔다.
43 ④ 44 ③ 45 ④
2023년 9월 고1 모의고사 영어 지문, 정답 및 해설
